Understanding Fire Risk with Lithium Batteries
While generally safe under normal use, lithium-ion batteries can overheat and ignite under certain conditions. These fires can be intense, releasing toxic fumes and seriously threatening your property and safety.
Several factors can contribute to the risk of a lithium battery fire; however, four instances are stated below.
Overheating or Extreme Temperatures
Exposure to direct sunlight, heat sources, or even storing them in a hot car can elevate temperatures dangerously, increasing the risk of fire.
Overcharging or Faulty Chargers
Using incompatible chargers or leaving batteries plugged in after they’re full can lead to overcharging, another significant fire hazard.
Physical Damage
Punctures, crushing, or bending of the battery can cause internal damage and trigger a fire [2, 3]. You want to avoid this scenario.
Manufacturing Defects
Faulty batteries can malfunction and overheat even under normal use. While not common, it is also an issue.
These risks above (i.e., mechanical, electrical, and thermal abuse) lead to what is known as a “Thermal Runaway.” The event occurs when a cell within the battery overheats, releasing energy that further heats surrounding cells.
The energy created leads to a dangerous chain reaction, i.e., several events triggered by the same initial event, escalating the fire’s intensity.